Kalendarium Thott 143 4° Copenhagen Psalter

Kalendarium in the Copenhagen Psalter (England c.1170)

Copenhagen KB Ms.Thott 143 4°

The English calendar in the Copenhagen Psalter is in admirable rare state of preservation. By good fortune has it avoided the usual number of later additions, erasures, and corrections. Only one insignificant addition in thin ink (15th cent.) and a obit from 1272 is found, to show that it in fact was in use and appreciated centuries after its completion.
The calendar is written in four colours, creating a beatiful estetic effect. The colours are, however, not only there to serve decorative purposes. When it comes to names of the saints is the colour indicating the degree of the feast. There is no key to the system, but comparison with other calendars made it perfectly clear to the medieval reader what the meaning was. The highest degree is written in blue (with the most important solemn feasts in KAPITAL letters, as usual in the 11th-12th century), all other major feasts (duplum) are written in green and red, alternating (as it can be seen on Dec.26-28, where the 3 days following Christmas always are of equal liturgical importance). Green and red days are consequently equal in grading. Simple feasts (3 lessons and commemorations) are written in black ink. To clarify the liturgical evidence has all other entries written in coloured ink been reproduced here as black, to avoid unnessesary complexity. The facsimile is there to supplement the estetical look and as documentation for the original layout. Likewise have I omitted the Roman calendar indications, no matter how decorative they may appear, they are the same in all calendars of this type. (Golden numbers and Sunday letters are reproduced, since they are part of the standard template on this site, usefull for quick comparisons). The combination of two verses on top of each month is found in a almost identical form in a kalendar of supposed Winchester derivation from c.1060, London BL Cotton Ms. Vitellius E.xviii, (cf. Francis Wormald: English Kalendars before A.D. 1100, HBS LXXII, London 1934, p.155-167). The ancient use of e marked for æ (with a cedille that not is available in HTML) has been neglected in the transcription, it is used with some consequence, but can be considered a late remainder of a degrading tradition. In contrast to the unproportional heavy typing of the computistic entries in the publications of the Henry Bradshaw Society, have I attempted a higher priority of the liturgical evidence in the layout. There are relatively few scribal errors, the most grave is the reversal of night and day hours for January and February (16 hours daylight in January would probably be welcomed in England!).
Liturgical evidence: The calendar was probably copied after a model that could be almost a century older. Very little specific local evidence can be found. The combination of the English saints, however common they may seem separately, points very strongly to the archdiocese of York as the place of origin (Northumbria). Most important are the Augustinian feasts in blue. It was written in a male community in Northern England, not by Benedictine monks, but by an Augustinian canon regular (Octave and Translation of Augustine, and John of Beverly in blue. The fact that only the octave of St.Augustine is in blue, and his natale in red can be explained as an attempt by the scribe to give the copy in the psalter a more general secular appearence - if it not is a simple error). The omission of Translatio Sancti Martini (4 July) can hardly be interpreted as anything but a trivial error. See below the Comments on the English saints.

A Click on the linked folio numbers will fetch you a high-quality jpeg facsimile from The Royal Library in Copenhagen

f.2	KL		Iani principium sancit tropicus capricornus. Iani prima dies et septima a fine timetur.
	KL		IANUARIUS habet dies .xxxi. et lunam .xxx.
01.01.	iii	A	Circumcisio domini	Dies egiptiacus.
02.01.		B	Octave Sancti Stephani	Finit .iiii.embolismus.
03.01.	xi	C	Octave Sancti Iohannis
04.01.		D	Octave Sanctorum Innocentium.
05.01.	xix	E
06.01.	viii	F	Epiphania domini
07.01.		G		Clavis termini .lxx.
08.01.	xvi	A		Prima incensio lune septuagesime.
09.01.	v	B
10.01.		C
11.01.	xiii	D
12.01.	ii	E
13.01.		F	Octave epiphanie et Sanctorum Hylarii et Remigii episcoporum.
14.01.	x	G	Sancti Felicis confessoris.
15.01.		A
16.01.	xviii	B	Sancti Marcelli pape et martiris.
17.01.	vii	C		Primus terminus .lxx.
18.01.		D	Sancte Prisce virginis et martiris.	Sol intrat aquarium.
19.01.	xv	E
20.01.	iiii	F	Sanctorum Fabiani et Sebastiani martirum.
21.01.		G	Sancte Agnetis virginis et martiris.
22.01.	xii	A	Sancti Vincentii levite et martiris.
23.01.	i	B
24.01.		C
25.01.	ix	D	Conversio Sancti Pauli apostoli. Preiecti martiris.	Dies eg[iptiacus].
26.01.		E
27.01.	xvii	F
28.01.	vi	G	Sancte Agnetis secundo.	Clavis termini .xl.
29.01.		A
30.01.	xiiii	B
31.01.	iii	C
			Nox habet horas .viii. Dies vero .xvi.
f.2v	KL		Mense nume in medio solidi stat sidus aquarii. In februo quarta est . precedit certia finem.
	KL		FEBRUARIUS habet dies .xxviii. lunam .xxix.
01.02.		D
02.02.	xi	E	PURIFICATIO SCE MARIE VIRGINIS
03.02.	xix	F
04.02.	viii	G		Dies egiptiacus
05.02.		A	Sce Agathe virg. et mr.
06.02.	xvi	B
07.02.	v	C
08.02.		D
09.02.	xiii	E		Ver oritur
10.02.	ii	F	Sce Scolastice virginis.
11.02.		G
12.02.	x	A
13.02.		B
14.02.	xviii	C
15.02.	vii	D	Sci Valentini mr.	Terminus .lxx. tardius
16.02.		E
17.02.	xv	F		Sol intrat pisces.
18.02.	iiii	G
19.02.		A
20.02.	xii	B
21.02.	i	C
22.02.		D	Cathedra Sci Petri.
23.02.	ix	E
24.02.		F	Sci Mathie apostoli.	Locus Bissexti.
25.02.	xvii	G
26.02.	vi	A		Dies egiptiacus.
27.02.		B
28.02.	xiiii	C	Nox habet horas .x. Dies .xiiii.
			In anno bissextili lunam februarii .xxx. computa : ut tamen martius .xxx. habeat. Nota terminos .lxx. in annis bissextilibus non posse sua loca tenere . sed semper uno die tardius debere observari. Similiter et dominica .xl. si ante bissex= tum evenerit : in sequentem diem transferetur.
f.3	KL		Procedunt duplices in martia tempora pisces. MARTIS prima necat . cuius sub cuspide quarta est.
	KL		MARTIUS habet dies .xxxi. et luna .xxx.
01.03.	iii	D		Hic muta concurrentes. D[ies egiptiacus].
02.03.		E
03.03.	xi	F
04.03.		G
05.03.	xix	A		Incipit .vii. embolismus.
06.03.	viii	B		Incipit .iii. embolismus.
07.03.		C	Sanctarum Perpetue et Felicitatis martirum.
08.03.	xvi	D		Prima incensio lune paschalis.
09.03.	v	E
10.03.		F
11.03.	xiii	G		Clavis termini pasche.
12.03.	ii	A	Sancti Gregorii pape.
13.03.		B
14.03.	x	C		Ultimus locus initii quadragesime.
15.03.		D
16.03.	xviii	E
17.03.	vii	F
18.03.		G		Sol intrat arietem. Primus dies seculi.
19.03.	xv	A
20.03.	iiii	B	Sancti Cuthberti episcopi et conf.
21.03.		C	Sancti Benedicti abbatis.	Equinoctium. Terminus pasche cicius.
22.03.	xii	D		Sedes epactarum. Primum pascha.
23.03.	i	E
24.03.		F		Locus concurrentium.
25.03.	ix	G	Annuntiatio domini	et Crucifixio eius.
26.03.		A		Dominus in sepulchro.
27.03.	xvii	B		Dominus resurrexit.
28.03.	vi	C		D[ies egiptiacus]
29.03.		D
30.03.	xiiii	E
31.03.	iii	F
			Nox habet horas .xii. Dies etiam .xii.
f.3v	KL		Respicis aprilis aries frixee kalendas. Aprilis decima est . undena a fine minatur.
	KL		APRILIS habet dies .xxx. Luna .xxix.
01.04.		G
02.04.	xi	A
03.04.		B		Finit .vii. embolismus.
04.04.	xix	C	Sci Ambrosii episcopi et conf.	Finit .iii. embolismus.
05.04.	viii	D		Ultima incensio lune paschalis.
06.04.	xvi	E
07.04.	v	F
08.04.		G
09.04.	xiii	A
10.04.	ii	B		Dies egiptiacus.
11.04.		C
12.04.	x	D
13.04.		E
14.04.	xviii	F	Sanctorum Tiburcii Valeriani et Maximi martirum.
15.04.	vii	G		Clavis termini rogationum.
16.04.	vii	A
17.04.	xv	B
18.04.	iiii	C		Sol in intrat taurum.
19.04.		D
20.04.	xii	E		Dies egiptiacus.
21.04.	i	F
22.04.		G
23.04.	ix	A	Sci Georgii martirum.
24.04.		B	Sci Wilfridi episcopi et conf.
25.04.	xvii	C	Sci Marci evangeliste. Letania maior et Ultimum pascha.
26.04.	vi	D
27.04.		E
28.04.	xiiii	F	Sancti Vitalis martirum.
29.04.	iii	G		Clavis termini pentecostes.
30.04.		A
			Nox habet horas .x. Dies autem .xiiii.
f.4	KL		MAIUS agenorei miratur cornua tauri. Tertius in maio luptis est . et septimus anguis.
	KL		MAIUS habet dies .xxxi. et lunam .xxx.
01.05.	xi	B	Apostolorum Philippi et Iacobi
02.05.		C
03.05.	xix	D	Inventio Sancte Crucis. Sanctorum Alexandri . Eventii et Theodoli. D[ies egiptiacus]
04.05.	viii	E
05.05.		F		Dominus ascendit in celum
06.05.	xvi	G	Sci Iohannis ante portam latinam	Prima incensio lune pentecostes.
07.05.	v	A	Sancti Iohannis archiepiscopi in Beverli.
08.05.		B
09.05.	xiii	C		Terminus pentecostes citior.
10.05.	ii	D	Sanctorum Gordiani et Epimachi martirum.	Pentecostes citius.
11.05.		E		Estas oritur.
12.05.	x	F	Sanctorum Nerei Achillei atque Panchratii martirum.
13.05.		G
14.05.	xviii	A
15.05.	vii	B		Spiritus sanctus super apostolos venit.
16.05.		C
17.05.	xv	D
18.05.	iiii	E		Sol intrat geminos.
19.05.		F	Sancti Dunstani archiepiscopi.
20.05.	xii	G
21.05.	i	A
22.05.		B
23.05.	ix	C
24.05.		D
25.05.	xvii	E	Sancti Urbani pape et martiris.	Dies egiptiacus.
26.05.	vi	F	Sancti Augustini anglorum apostoli. et Bede presbiteri.
27.05.		G	(Danish addition 1272: Anno domini .m.cc.lxxii. Obiit illustris dux jucie Ericus filius Abel regis.)
28.05.	xiiii	A
29.05.	iii	B
30.05.		C
31.05.	xi	D	Sancte Petronille virginis.
			Nox habet horas .viii. Dies vero .xvi.
f.4v	KL		Iunius equatos celo videt ire laconas. Iijnius in decimo quindenum a fine salutat.
	KL		JUNIUS habet dies .xxx. et luna .xxix.
01.06.		E
02.06.	xix	F	Sanctorum Marcellini et Petri martirum
03.06.	viii	G		Ultima incensio lune pentecostes.
04.06.	xvi	A
05.06.	v	B
06.06.		C		Ultimus terminus pentecostes.
07.06.	xiii	D
08.06.	ii	E
09.06.		F	Sanctorum Primi et Feliciani martirum.
10.06.	x	G		Dies egiptiacus
11.06.		A	Sancti Barnabe apostoli.
12.06.	xviii	B	Sanctorum Basilidis . Cirini . Naboris et Nazarii martirum.
13.06.	vii	C		Ultimum pentecostes.
14.06.		D	Sancti Basilii episcopi et confessoris.
15.06.	xv	E
16.06.	iiii	F		Dies egiptiacus.
17.06.		G	Sancti Botulfi abbatis.	Sol intrat cancrum.
18.06.	xii	A	Sanctorum Marci et Marcelliani martirum.
19.06.	i	B	Sanctorum Gervasii et Prothasii martirum.
20.06.		C
21.06.	ix	D
22.06.		E	Sancti Albani martiris.
23.06.	xvii	F	Sancte Etheldrithe virginis. Vigilia.
24.06.	vi	G	Nativitas Sancti Iohannis Baptiste.	Solsticium.
25.06.		A
26.06.	xiiii	B	Sanctorum Iohannis et Pauli martirum.
27.06.	iii	C
28.06.		D	Sancti Leonis pape. Vigilia.
29.06.	xi	E	Sanctorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli
30.06.		F	Commemoratio Sancti Pauli.
			Nox habet horas .vi. Dies vero .xviii.
f.5	KL		Solsticio ardentis cancri fert iulius Austrum. Tredecimus iulii decimo innuit ante kalendas.
	KL		JULIUS habet dies .xxxi. Luna .xxx.
01.07.	xix	G	Octave Sci Iohannis baptiste.
02.07.	viii	A	Sanctorum Processi et Martiniani martirum. Sancti Suithuni confessoris.
03.07.		B
04.07.	xvi	C	[Note: Translatio sancti Martini is omitted!]
05.07.	v	D
06.07.		E	Octave Apostolorum.
07.07.	xiii	F
08.07.	ii	G
09.07.		A
10.07.	x	B	Sanctorum Septem fratrum.
11.07.		C
12.07.	xviii	D
13.07.	vii	E		Dies egiptiacus.
14.07.		F		Dies caniculares incipiunt.
15.07.	xv	G
16.07.	iiii	A
17.07.		B
18.07.	xii	C		Sol intrat leonem.
19.07.	i	D
20.07.		E	Sancte Margarete virginis et martiris.
21.07.	ix	F	Sancte Praxedis virginis.
22.07.		G	Sancte Marie Magdalene	Dies egiptiacus
23.07.	xvii	A	Sancti Apollinaris martiris.
24.07.	vi	B	Vigilia.
25.07.		C	Sancti Iacobi Apostoli. Sanctorum Xpofori et Cucuphatis martirum.
26.07.	xiiii	D
27.07.	iii	E	Sanctorum Septem dormientium martirum.
28.07.		F
29.07.	xi	G	Sanctorum Felicis . Simplicii . Faustini et Beatricis martirum.
30.07.	xix	A	Sanctorum Abdon et Sennen martirum.	Locus saltus lune.
31.07.		B	Sancti Germani episcopi et conf.
			Nox habet horas .viii. Dies autem .xvi.
f.5v	KL		Augustum mensem leo fervidus igne perurit. Augusti nepa prima . fugat de fine secunda.
	KL		AUGUSTUS habet dies .xxxi. et lunam .xxix.
01.08.	viii	C	Sancti Petri ad vincula Machabeorum martirum. D[ies egiptiacus].
02.08.	xvi	D	Sci Stephani pape et martiris.	Incipit .vi. embolismus.
03.08.	v	E	Inventio Sci Stephani prothomartiris.
04.08.		F
05.08.	xiii	G	Sancti Oswaldi regis et martiris.
06.08.	ii	A	Sanctorum Sixti, Felicissimi et Agapiti martirum.
07.08.		B		Autumnus oritur.
08.08.	x	C	Sancti Ciriaci sociorumque eius martirum.
09.08.	D		Vigilia.
10.08.	xviii	E	Sancti Laurentii levite et martiris.
11.08.	vii	F	Sancti Tiburtii martiris.
12.08.		G
13.08.	xv	A	Sancti Ypoliti sociorumque eius martirum.
14.08.	iiii	B	Sancti Eusebii presbiteri et conf.	Vigilia.
15.08.		C	ASSUMPTIO SCE MARIE VIRGINIS.
16.08.	xii	D
17.08.	i	E	Octave Sancti Laurentii martiris.
18.08.		F	Sancti Agapiti martiris. et Sancte Helene.	Sol in virginem.
19.08.	ix	G	Sancti Magni martiris.
20.08.		A
21.08.	xvii	B
22.08.	vi	C	Octave Sce Marie. Sanctorum Timothei et Simphoriani martirum.
23.08.		D	Vigilia.
24.08.	xiiii	E	Sancti Bartholomei apostoli.
25.08.	iii	F
26.08.		G
27.08.	xi	A	Sancti Rufi martiris.
28.08.	xix	B	Sancti Augustini doctoris. Sancti Hermetis martiris.
29.08.		C	Decollatio Sci Iohannis Baptiste. Sancte Sabine virg. et mr.
30.08.	viii	D	Sanctorum Felicis et Adaucti martirum.	Dies egiptiacus
31.08.		E		Finit .vi. embolismus.
			Nox habet horas .x. Dies .xiiii.
f.6	KL		Videre virgo tuo bachum september opimat. Tertia septembris vulpis ferit a pede denam.
	KL		SEPTEMBER habet dies .xxx. Luna .xxx.
01.09.	xvi	F	Egidii abbatis. Prisci martiris.
02.09.	v	G		Incipit .ii. embolismus.
03.09.		A		Dies egiptiacus.
04.09.	xiii	B	Octave Sci Augustini doctoris.
05.09.	ii	C		Hic finiunt dies caniculares.
06.09.		D
07.09.	x	E
08.09.		F	Nativitas Sancte Marie virginis.
09.09.	xviii	G	Sancti Gorgonii martiris.
10.09.	vii	A
11.09.		B	Sanctorum Prothi et Iacincti martirum.
12.09.	xv	C
13.09.	iiii	D
14.09.		E	Exaltatio Sancte Crucis Sanctorum Cornelii et Cypriani.
15.09.	xii	F	Octave Sancte Marie. Sancti Nichomedis martiris.
16.09.	i	G	Sanctorum Eufemie, Lucie et Geminiani martirum.
17.09.		A		Sol intrat libram.
18.09.	ix	B
19.09.		C
20.09.	xvii	D	Vigilia.
21.09.	vi	E	Sancti Mathei apostoli et evangeliste.	Dies egiptiacus.
22.09.		F	Sancti Mauricii sociorumque eius martirum.
23.09.	xiiii	G
24.09.	iii	A		Equinoctium secundum Romanos.
25.09.		B
26.09.	xi	C
27.09.	xix	D	Sanctorum Cosme et Damiani martirum.
28.09.		E
29.09.	viii	F	Sancti Michaelis archangeli.
30.09.		G	Sancti Ieronimi presbiteri et confessoris.
			Nox habet horas .xii. Dies .xii.
f.6v	KL		Aequat et october sementis tempore libram. Tercius octobris gladius decimum ordine nectit.
	KL		OCTOBER habet dies .xxxi. luna .xxix.
01.10.	xvi	A		Finit .ii.embolismus.
02.10.	v	B
03.10.	xiii	C		Dies egiptiacus.
04.10.	ii	D
05.10.		E
06.10.	x	F	Sancte Fidis virginis et martiris.
07.10.		G	Sanctorum Marci . Marcelli et Apulei martirum.
08.10.	xviii	A
09.10.	vii	B	Sanctorum Dionisii, Rustici et Eleutherii martirum.
10.10.		C
11.10.	xv	D	Translatio Sci Augustini doctoris.
12.10.	iiii	E
13.10.		F	Sancti Calixti pape et martiris.
14.10.	xii	G
15.10.	i	A
16.10.		B
17.10.	ix	C
18.10.		D	Sancti Luce evangeliste.	Sol intrat scorpionem.
19.10.	xvii	E
20.10.	vi	F
21.10.		G		(+Undecim milia virginum)
22.10.	xiiii	A		Dies egiptiacus.
23.10.	iii	B
24.10.		C
25.10.	xi	D	Sanctorum Crispini et Crispiniani martirum.
26.10.	xix	E
27.10.		F	Vigilia.
28.10.	viii	G	Sanctorum Symonis et Iude apostolorum.
29.10.		A
30.10.	xvi	B
31.10.	v	C	Sancti Quintini episcopi et martiris. Vigilia.
			Nox habet horas .xiiii. Dies autem .x.
f.7	KL		Scorpius hibernum preceps iubet ire novembrem. Quinta novembris acus . vix tertia mansit in urna.
	KL		NOVEMBER habet dies .xxx. lunam .xxx.
01.11.		D	OMNIUM SANCTORUM
02.11.	xiii	E	Sci Eustacii sociorumque eius martirum. Commemoratio defunctorum.
03.11.	ii	F
04.11.		G
05.11.	x	A		Dies egiptiacus.
06.11.		B	Sancti Leonardi confessoris.
07.11.	xviii	C		Hiems oritur.
08.11.	vii	D	Sanctorum Quatuor coronatorum martirum.
09.11.		E	Sancti Theodori martiris.
10.11.	xv	F
11.11.	iiii	G	Sci Martini episcopi et confessoris. et Menne martiris.
12.11.		A
13.11.	xii	B	Sancti Brictii episcopi et conf.
14.11.	i	C
15.11.		D
16.11.	ix	E
17.11.		F		Sol intrat sagittarium.
18.11.	xvii	G	Octave Sancti Martini.
19.11.	vi	A
20.11.		B	Sancti Ædmundi regis et martiris.
21.11.	xiiii	C
22.11.	iii	D	Sancte Cecilie virginis et mr.
23.11.		E	Sancti Clementis pape et martiris.
24.11.	xi	F	Sancti Crisogoni martiris.
25.11.	xix	G	Sancte Katerine virginis et martiris.
26.11.		A
27.11.	viii	B		Adventus domini citior.
28.11.		C		Dies egiptiacus.
29.11.	xvi	D	Sancti Saturnini martiris. Vigilia.
30.11.	v	E	Sancti ANDREE Apostoli.
			Nox habet horas .xvi. Dies .viii.
f.7v	KL		Terminat architenens medio sua signa decembri. Dat duodena cohors .vii. inde decemque decembri.
	KL		DECEMBER habet dies .xxxi. et luna .xxix.
01.12.	xiii	F		Incipit .v. embolismus.
02.12.	ii	G		Incipit .i. embolismus.
03.12.		A		Ultimus adventus domini.
04.12.	x	B		Incipit .iiii. embolismus.
05.12.		C
06.12.	xviii	D	Sancti Nicholai episcopi et confessoris.
07.12.	vii	E	Octave Sancti Andree.	Dies egiptiacus.
08.12.		F
09.12.	xv	G
10.12.	iiii	A
11.12.		B	Sancti Damasi pape et confessoris.
12.12.	xii	C
13.12.	i	D	Sancte Lucie virg. et mr.
14.12.		E
15.12.	ix	F
16.12.		G
17.12.	xvii	A		Antiphona: O sapientia.
18.12.	vi	B		Sol intrat capricornum.
19.12.		C
20.12.	xiiii	D	Vigilia
21.12.	iii	E	Sancte Thome apostoli.	Solsticium.
22.12.		F		Dies egiptiacus.
23.12.	xi	G
24.12.	xix	A	Vigilia.
25.12.		B	NATIVITAS DOMINI NOSTRI IHESU XPI Anastasie virginis.
26.12.	viii	C	Sancti Stephani prothomartiris.
27.12.		D	Sancti Iohannis evangeliste.
28.12.	xvi	E	Sanctorum Innocentum.
29.12.	v	F
30.12.		G		Finit .v. embolismus.
31.12.	xiii	A	Sancti Silvestri pape.	Finit .i. embolismus.
			Nox habet horas .xviii. Dies .vi.

Notes on the calendar: The composition of the calendar was clearly made for secular use. It has carefully been cleansed of any local saint who could reveal the liturgical use of a specific church. The only major feast of any importance is the octave of saint Augustinus (of Hippo) on 4 September, indicating that the model was Augustinian, and the scribe was a canon regular. The fact that the octave has been graded higher as his feast on 28 August is a telling mistake, where the scribe inadvertently has revealed his own habits.
The absence of Thomas of Canterbury (murdered in 1170 and canonized in 1173) has been taken as a valid terminus ante quo for the date of the manuscript. It may very well be the case, but it remains to be proven that an event in Canterbury had an immediate impact on the liturgy in York.

The English Saints:
20 March: Cuthbert, from Northumbria; Monk in Melrose and Ripon, later prior in Melrose. Died as bishop of Lindisfarne (685-687). Shrine at Durham (translated 4 Sept. 999).
24 April: Wilfrid (d.744). Disciple of John of Beverley, and his abbot in the York cathedral canon community. Followed John as archbishop of York (cf. below). The day is otherwise normally occupied in early English calendars by saint Mellitus (also considered a canon regular). Some (among others Bury St. Edmunds) had both names on the day (c.1050). Only calendars from the North had Wilfrid alone (Oxford Bodl. Digby Ms.63, HBS Vol.LXXII, p.5).
7 May: John of Beverley, born in Yorkshire. Monk at Whitby, later bishop of Hexham and archbishop of York. Founder of Beverley Abbey, where he died in 721 (Shrine in the abbey). Notice the high grading of his feast (in blue), which indicates that the liturgical model also had an octave.
19 May: Dunstan (d.988), founder of Peterborough and Ely. Archbishop of Canterbury. Feast in all English calendars.
26 May: Augustinus, Apostolic envoy to England by Gregory the Great. Arcbishop of Canterbury (d.604). Venerated all over Europe, but only with a high grading in England. The commemoration of Beda on the same day is common.
17 June: Botulphus (7th cent.). Saxon, educated in Belgium, Benedictine missionary in England and founder of an abbey in Ikanhoe. Generally venerated in England, Normandy, Flanders and Scandinavia.
22 June: Albanus (3rd or 4th cent.). Venerated as prothomartyr of England. Murdered on a location where the abbey of St. Albans later was erected. Generally commemorated all over England and in several churches on the continent.
23 June: Etheldreda (Ediltrude), abbes in Ely (d.679). Generally commemorated all over England.
2 July.: Swithun (d.862). Bishop of Winchester 852-862. His relics were translated from the cemetary into the cathedral in 971. Commemorated in most English calendars. The omission of Visitatio beate Marie virginis is perhaps significant for the date of the psalter.
4 July.: Notice the omission of Translatio (Ordinatio) sancti Martini - can only be explained as a scribal error.
5 Aug.: Oswald, King of Northumbria. Head of the mission from Lindisfarne. Killed in battle 642. His cult spread over Europe in the 11th cent., where he became very popular, especially in Germany (and later was associated with the "14 Nothelfern").
20 Nov.: Edmund (King of East Anglia 855-870) was brutally murdered by the Danes. Shrine in Bury St. Edmunds (abbey build 1120). His cult was widespread, also in continental Europe (in Paris as "Emont").

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